|
|
| |
 Brief Description |
| |
| Cranial Nerves V and VII examination
Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain stem in contrast to spinal nerves which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. Although thirteen cranial nerves in humans fit this description, twelve are conventionally recognized. The nerves from the third onward arise from the brain stem. Except for the tenth and the eleventh nerve, they primarily serve the motor and sensory systems of the head and neck region. However, unlike peripheral nerves which are separated to achieve segmental innervation, cranial nerves are divided to serve one or a few specific functions in wider anatomical territories. |
| |
Full Description |
| |
| Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain stem in contrast to spinal nerves which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. Although thirteen cranial nerves in humans fit this description, twelve are conventionally recognized. The nerves from the third onward arise from the brain stem. Except for the tenth and the eleventh nerve, they primarily serve the motor and sensory systems of the head and neck region. However, unlike peripheral nerves which are separated to achieve segmental innervation, cranial nerves are divided to serve one or a few specific functions in wider anatomical territories. |
| |
Citation |
| |
|
| |
Abstract |
| |
| The human brain has 12 pairs of special nerves called the cranial nerves. These are specifically
bundle of neurons and axons which transmit special information to and from the brain. They are
generally very similar to spinal nerves in their make-up. However, they differ in the highly
specific functions which they serve. The cranial nerves all exit from the bottom surface of the
brain and brainstem and exit the skull through various holes (foramina) to reach their targets.
Below are some more details on each cranial nerve. |
| |
Introduction |
| |
| Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain stem in contrast to spinal nerves which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. Although thirteen cranial nerves in humans fit this description, twelve are conventionally recognized. The nerves from the third onward arise from the brain stem. Except for the tenth and the eleventh nerve, they primarily serve the motor and sensory systems of the head and neck region. However, unlike peripheral nerves which are separated to achieve segmental innervation, cranial nerves are divided to serve one or a few specific functions in wider anatomical territories. |
| |
Results |
|
| CN V: Trigeminal
* Corneal reflex: patient looks up and away.
• Touch cotton wool to other side.
• Look for blink in both eyes, ask if can sense it.
• Repeat other side [tests V sensory, VII motor].
* Facial sensation: sterile sharp item on forehead, cheek, jaw.
• Repeat with dull object. Ask to report sharp or dull.
• If abnormal, then temperature [heated/ water-cooled tuning fork], light touch [cotton].
* Motor: pt opens mouth, clenches teeth (pterygoids).
• Palpate temporal, masseter muscles as they clench.
* Test jaw jerk:
o Dr's finger on tip of jaw.
o Grip patellar hammer halfway up shaft and tap Dr's finger lightly.
o Usually nothing happens, or just a slight closure.
o If increased closure, think UMNL, esp pseudobulbar palsy.
CN VII: Facial
* Inspect facial droop or asymmetry.
* Facial expression muscles: pt looks up and wrinkles forehead.
• Examine wrinkling loss.
• Feel muscle strength by pushing down on each side [UMNL preserved because of bilateral innervation].
* Pt shuts eyes tightly: compare each side.
* Pt grins: compare nasolabial grooves.
* Also: frown, show teeth, puff out cheeks.
* Corneal reflex already done. See CN V.
|
|
Discussions |
| |
| Cranial nerve nucleus
List of mnemonics for the cranial nerves
|
| |
Material Methods |
| |
| CN V: Trigeminal
* Corneal reflex: patient looks up and away.
• Touch cotton wool to other side.
• Look for blink in both eyes, ask if can sense it.
• Repeat other side [tests V sensory, VII motor].
* Facial sensation: sterile sharp item on forehead, cheek, jaw.
• Repeat with dull object. Ask to report sharp or dull.
• If abnormal, then temperature [heated/ water-cooled tuning fork], light touch [cotton].
* Motor: pt opens mouth, clenches teeth (pterygoids).
• Palpate temporal, masseter muscles as they clench.
* Test jaw jerk:
o Dr's finger on tip of jaw.
o Grip patellar hammer halfway up shaft and tap Dr's finger lightly.
o Usually nothing happens, or just a slight closure.
o If increased closure, think UMNL, esp pseudobulbar palsy.
CN VII: Facial
* Inspect facial droop or asymmetry.
* Facial expression muscles: pt looks up and wrinkles forehead.
• Examine wrinkling loss.
• Feel muscle strength by pushing down on each side [UMNL preserved because of bilateral innervation].
* Pt shuts eyes tightly: compare each side.
* Pt grins: compare nasolabial grooves.
* Also: frown, show teeth, puff out cheeks.
* Corneal reflex already done. See CN V.
|
| |
References |
| |
| http://www.clinicalexam.com/pda/n_cranial_nerves_exam.htm
http://www.egydoctors.net/medicine.htm |
| |
|
|
|
Stats |
| |
| Publish date |
Views |
Ref# |
| Jan 09, 2009 |
1480 |
VA:02:17:99:2009 |
|
| |
Rating |
|
|
|
|
|
Embed Code
|
|
|
| |
Files |
| |
|
| |
| |
|
